Unification of the Jurchens and Rise of the Later Jin

Nurhaci

A prominent leader of the Jurchen people and the founder and first Khan of the Later Jin dynasty. As leader of the Aisin Gioro clan, he unified the divided Jurchen tribes and established the Eight Banners system. In 1616, he founded the Later Jin dynasty, escalated war with the Ming dynasty, and brought the Liaodong region under his control. He is also known for ordering the creation of the Manchu script. The state and military institutions he established served as the foundation for the establishment of the Qing dynasty and the conquest of the Ming dynasty by his successor Hong Taiji and his descendants.

Timeline

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Element

Year	Nurhaci
1559	Birth of Nurhaci (Period: May 14, 1559, Location: Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County, Fushun City, Liaoning Province, China (near the former Hetu Ala))
1577	Marriage (Nurhaci, Primary Wife Haha Jacing, Age: 17 years old, Period: c. 1577, Location: Specific Location Unknown; Considered to Be Within the Sphere of Influence of Jianzhou Jurchens)
1580	Jurchen Unification War (Age: 20 years old, Period: 1580s–1610s, Location: Present-day Northeastern China, Around Liaoning and Jilin Provinces) Beginning of the Unification of Jurchen Tribes (Age: 20 years old, Period: 1580s Onward, Location: Inhabited Region of Jianzhou Jurchens in Northeastern China)
1585	Marriage (Nurhaci, Successor Wife Gundai, Age: 25 years old, Period: c. 1585, Location: Specific Location Unknown; Considered to Be Within the Sphere of Influence of Jianzhou Jurchens)
1588	Marriage (Nurhaci, Empress Xiaocigao Mongo Jerjer, Age: 28 years old, Period: c. 1588, Location: Specific Location Unknown; Related to Marriages with the Yehe Tribe)
1590	Border Conflicts with the Joseon Dynasty (Age: 30 years old, Period: 1590s–early 1620s, Location: Border Region Between Present-day Jilin and Liaoning Provinces, China, and Northern Korean Peninsula)
1601	Marriage (Nurhaci, Empress Xiaolie Wu Abahai, Age: 41 years old, Period: c. 1601, Location: Specific Location Unknown; Related to Relations with the Ula Tribe)
1615	Establishment of the Eight Banners System (Age: 55 years old, Period: Established Between the Early 17th Century and c. 1615, Location: Later Jin-Controlled Region in Northeastern China)
1616	Establishment of Later Jin (Age: 56 years old, Period: February 17, 1616, Location: Hetu Ala in Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County, Fushun City, Liaoning Province, China)
1618	Battle of Fushun (Age: 58 years old, Period: 1618, Location: Fushun City, Liaoning Province, China)
1619	Battle of Sarhu (Age: 59 years old, Period: 1619, Location: Mountainous Region from Eastern Fushun City, Liaoning Province to Southern Jilin Province, China)
1621	Conquest of Kaiyuan and Tieling (Age: 61 years old, Period: 1621, Location: Around Liaoyang and Shenyang Cities, Liaoning Province, China) Creation of the Manchu Script (Age: 61 years old, Period: 1621, Location: Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province, China)
1622	Battle of Guangning (Age: 62 years old, Period: 1622, Location: Guangning, North of Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province, China (Around Present-day Beizhen City))
1625	Transfer of the Capital to Shenyang (Age: 65 years old, Period: 1625, Location: Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China)
1626	Battle of Ningyuan (Age: 66 years old, Period: 1626, Location: Xingcheng City, Liaoning Province, China (Ningyuan City at the Time)) Burial in Fuling (Age: 66 years old, Period: 1626 Onward, Location: East of Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China) Death of Nurhaci (Age: 67 years old, Period: September 30, 1626) Death of Nurhaci and Succession of the Heir (Age: 67 years old, Period: September 30, 1626, Location: Aijibu Near Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China)
Unknown	Marriage (Nurhaci, Consort Shoukang, Period: Exact Year Unknown, Location: Specific Location Unknown; Related to Relations with Khorchin Mongol Forces)

Map

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Element

Asia World

Group	List
Ming and Qing Emperors	Yongle Emperor Hongxi Emperor Xuande Emperor Emperor Yingzong of Ming Hongzhi Emperor Wanli Emperor Chongzhen Emperor Hongwu Emperor Hong Taiji Shunzhi Emperor Kangxi Emperor Yongzheng Emperor Qianlong Emperor
Late Ming period	Nurhaci Dorgon Li Zicheng Zhang Xianzhong Wu Sangui Zheng Chenggong Zhu Youlang Yuan Chonghuan Qi Jiguang Yue Fei
Maritime trade	Zheng He Wang Jinghong Wang Dayuan Matteo Ricci Johann Adam Schall von Bell Ferdinand Verbiest William Adams Jan Joosten
Joseon Dynasty	Taejong Sejong Sejo Seongjong Jungjong Seonjo Gwanghaegun Injo Sukjong Yeongjo Jeongjo Jo Gwang-jo Yu Seong-ryong Heo Jun

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Unification of the Jurchens and Rise of the Later Jin

Nurhaci

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