Jesuit missionary, astronomer, and engineer from the Holy Roman Empire. He traveled to China in the 17th century and was involved in calendar reform and astronomical research at the Chinese court from the late Ming to early Qing dynasties. Gaining deep trust from the Shunzhi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, he held important positions such as supervisor of the Imperial Astronomical Bureau. While introducing Western astronomy and mathematics to China, he became entangled in political and religious conflicts surrounding the calendar in his later years and was imprisoned.

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