The 15th king of the Joseon Dynasty, reigning from 1608 to 1623. Born as the second son of the 14th king, Seonjo, he was designated Crown Prince during the Imjin War (Japanese invasion) starting in 1592, directing military and administrative affairs across various regions after his father fled, and contributing to post-war reconstruction. Following his accession, he implemented the Daedong Law, rebuilt palaces, and oversaw the publication of the medical text Dongui Bogam. In diplomacy, he pursued a pragmatic policy of balancing relations between the Ming Dynasty and the Later Jin (later the Qing Dynasty), though he faced persistent opposition from bureaucrats who emphasized sending aid to the Ming and adhering to a pro-Ming, anti-Later Jin stance. Furthermore, he was criticized for causing the death of his half-brother Grand Prince Yeongchang and imprisoning Queen Inmok, leading to his dethronement in the Injo Coup of 1623. He spent his final years exiled on Jeju Island, where he passed away.

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