A politician and military leader of the late Ming period. He is known for directing the defense of the Liaodong region against the expanding influence of the Later Jin (later Qing). Notably, at the Battle of Ningyuan in 1626, he repulsed the Later Jin army led by Nurhaci, demonstrating the defensive capabilities of the Ming forces. Emphasizing the use of Western-style artillery and the fortification of strongholds, he worked to construct defensive lines centered on Ningyuan and Jinzhou. However, entangled in military strategy disputes, conflicts with fellow commanders, and political suspicions within the imperial court, he was executed on charges of treason during the reign of the Chongzhen Emperor. In later generations, he has often been evaluated as a loyal minister who sought to protect the Ming dynasty.

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