A Manchu ruler who served as the second Khan of the Later Jin and is regarded as the founding emperor of the Qing dynasty. Following the death of his father Nurhaci, he became the ruler of Later Jin in 1626, reorganizing the military and administrative systems to expand his power. He actively recruited Han officials and surrendered Ming generals, building a state structure that integrated Manchus, Han, and Mongols on the foundation of the Eight Bannières. In 1635, he renamed the Jurchen people "Manchu," and in 1636, he renamed the state "Great Qing" and declared himself emperor. By bringing Inner Mongolia under control and subjugating Joseon, he laid the groundwork for the conquest of the Ming dynasty, though he died before seeing the fall of the Ming and the final conquest of China proper.

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