Nader Shah and the Afsharid Expansion

Nader Shah

A military commander and monarch of Iran, and the founder of the Afsharid dynasty. He rose to military prominence amidst the chaos of the late Safavid dynasty, expanding his influence through wars in the direction of Afghanistan and against the Ottoman Empire. He ascended the throne as Shah in 1736, and during his expedition to the Mughal Empire, he occupied Delhi and acquired immense treasures. On the other hand, the continuation of wars of conquest, heavy taxation, and harsh governance invited backlash, leading to his assassination by his subordinates' rebellion in 1747.

Timeline

Category
Element

Year	Nader Shah
1698	Birth of Nader Shah (Period: October 22, 1688 or August 6, 1698 (varies by historical source), Location: Near Dastgerd in northeastern Iran (present-day Khorasan region; details of birth_place have uncertainties))
1720	War with the Hotak dynasty in the direction of Afghanistan (Age: 21 years old, Period: Late 1720s–1738, Location: Iran, western Afghanistan, and around Kandahar) Rise as a military officer (Age: 21 years old, Period: 1720s, Location: Khorasan region, northeastern Iran)
1729	Assisting Tahmasp II to recover Safavid territory (Age: 30 years old, Period: 1729–1732, Location: Various parts of Iran)
1730	Ottoman–Persian War (Age: 31 years old, Period: 1723–1727, Location: Western Iran, Azerbaijan, Caucasus region)
1736	Ascension to Shah on the Moghan Plain (Age: 37 years old, Period: 1736, Location: Moghan Plain near present-day southern Azerbaijan)
1737	Central Asian campaign (Age: 38 years old, Period: 1737–1740, Location: Various parts of Central Asia including Bukhara, Khiva, and Samarkand)
1738	Indian campaign against the Mughal Empire (Age: 39 years old, Period: 1738–1739, Location: Afghanistan, Peshawar, Lahore, Karnal, Delhi, etc.)
1739	Entry into Delhi and acquisition of treasures (Age: 40 years old, Period: March–May 1739, Location: Delhi, Mughal Empire) Marriage (Nader Shah, daughter of Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah, Age: 40 years old, Period: Said to be after the Indian expedition of 1739, Location: Details unknown) Battle of Karnal (Age: 40 years old, Period: February 13, 1739, Location: Karnal, North India (present-day Haryana, India)) Delhi massacre (Age: 40 years old, Period: March 22, 1739, Location: Delhi, capital of the Mughal Empire (present-day Delhi, India))
1740	Rebellion of Muhammad Taqi Khan Shirazi (Age: 41 years old, Period: Mid-1740s, Location: Fars region, southern Iran) Governance in later years and growing opposition (Age: 41 years old, Period: 1740s, Location: Iran, Caucasus, Central Asia)
1741	Dagestan campaign (Age: 42 years old, Period: 1741–1745, Location: North Caucasus, Dagestan region)
1747	Death of Nader Shah (Age: 48 years old, Period: June 20, 1747) Assassination of Nader Shah (Age: 48 years old, Period: June 20, 1747, Location: Around Quchan in the Khorasan region, northeastern Iran)
Unknown	Marriage (Nader Shah, Gowhar Shad Begum, Period: Details unknown, Location: Details unknown) Marriage (Nader Shah, Razia Begum, Period: Details unknown, Location: Details unknown)

Map

Category
Element

Asia World

Group	List
Ottoman Empire	Mehmed II Bayezid II Selim I Suleiman I Selim II Murad III Mehmed III Ahmed I Murad IV Mehmed IV Mustafa II Ahmed III
Safavid dynasty	Suleiman I Abbas I Shah Ismail I Tahmasp I Ismail II Safi I Abbas II Sultan Hossein Nader Shah
Trade and Diplomacy	Piri Reis Hayreddin Pasha Turgut Reis Aruj Reis Abbas I Anthony Shirley Robert Shirley Jean Chardin Pietro della Valle William Baffin

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Nader Shah and the Afsharid Expansion

Nader Shah

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