The seventh Shah of the Safavid dynasty, ruling from 1642 to 1666. Following the death of his father Shah Safi I, he ascended the throne at a young age, initially receiving support from Grand Vizier Saru Taqi and others. In 1645, he won the political struggles following the assassination of Saru Taqi and began his personal rule. In conflicts with the Mughal Empire, he personally led his army to recapture Kandahar, and also fought against Russian and Georgian forces in the Caucasus region. Meanwhile, he avoided a large-scale war with the Ottoman Empire, achieving a relatively stable reign. Showing interest in justice and administration, he strictly cracked down on bureaucratic corruption, though the latter half of his reign saw worsening finances and military weakening. He died in 1666 and was succeeded by his son Suleiman I.

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