Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor

Rudolf von Habsburg

Holy Roman Emperor from the House of Habsburg. Born as the eldest son of Maximilian II and Maria of Spain, he served as Holy Roman Emperor from 1576 to 1612. He was also King of Hungary, King of Bohemia, and Archduke of Austria. Having spent his early childhood at the Spanish court, he moved his court from Vienna to Prague after his accession, patronizing arts and sciences such as astronomy and alchemy. He is also famous for inviting figures like Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler to his court. On the other hand, due to the Long Turkish War with the Ottoman Empire, Hungarian revolts, sectarian conflict, and conflict with his younger brother Matthias, he lost his political power in his later years.

Timeline

Category
Element

Year	Rudolf von Habsburg
1552	Birth of Rudolf von Habsburg (Period: July 18, 1552, Location: Vienna, Austria)
1563	Education at the Spanish Court (Rudolf von Habsburg, Age: 10 years old, Period: c. 1563–1571, Location: Madrid (Spain))
1572	Beginning of Rule as King of Hungary (Rudolf von Habsburg, Age: 19 years old, Period: 1572, Location: Kingdom of Hungary) Coronation as King of Hungary (Rudolf von Habsburg, Age: 20 years old, Period: September 25, 1572, Location: Pozsony (present-day Bratislava, Slovakia))
1575	Coronation as King of Bohemia (Maximilian von Habsburg, Age: 23 years old, Period: September 22, 1575, Location: Prague (present-day Czech Republic)) Election as King of the Romans (Maximilian von Habsburg, Age: 23 years old, Period: October 27, 1575, Location: Regensburg (Germany))
1576	Accession as Holy Roman Emperor (Rudolf von Habsburg, Age: 24 years old, Period: October 12 – November 1, 1576, Location: Regensburg (Germany))
1580	Development of Artistic and Academic Activities Centered in Prague (Age: 27 years old, Period: 1580s–1600s, Location: Prague (present-day Czech Republic))
1583	Relocation of the Court to Prague (Age: 30 years old, Period: 1583, Location: Prague (present-day Czech Republic))
1593	Long Turkish War (Age: 40 years old, Period: 1593–1606, Location: Hungary, Croatia, Transylvania, Wallachia, etc.) Outbreak of the Long Turkish War (Age: 40 years old, Period: 1593, Location: Hungary-Croatia border region, etc.)
1596	Battle of Keresztes (Age: 44 years old, Period: October 24–26, 1596, Location: Mezőkeresztes (present-day Hungary))
1599	Invitation of Tycho Brahe to Court (Age: 46 years old, Period: 1599, Location: Prague (present-day Czech Republic))
1601	Appointment of Johannes Kepler as Court Astronomer (Rudolf von Habsburg, Age: 48 years old, Period: 1601, Location: Prague (present-day Czech Republic))
1604	Bocskai Uprising (Age: 52 years old, Period: September 1604 – June 1606, Location: Hungary, Transylvania, present-day Slovakia region)
1606	Habsburg Brothers' Conflict (Age: 53 years old, Period: 1606–1611, Location: Austria, Hungary, Moravia, Bohemia) Compromise with Protestant Forces in Hungary (Age: 53 years old, Period: 1606, Location: Vienna, Hungary, Transylvania) Peace of Vienna (Age: 53 years old, Period: June 23, 1606, Location: Vienna (Austria)) Peace of Zsitvatorok (Age: 54 years old, Period: November 11, 1606, Location: Zsitvatorok (present-day Slovakia))
1608	Power Struggle Between Rudolf II and Matthias (Age: 55 years old, Period: 1608, Location: Vienna, Prague, etc.) Surrender of Governing Authority over Austria, Hungary, and Moravia (Age: 55 years old, Period: 1608, Location: Habsburg territories)
1609	Guarantee of Religious Freedom in Bohemia (Age: 56 years old, Period: 1609, Location: Prague, Bohemia) Issuance of the Letter of Majesty (Age: 56 years old, Period: July 9, 1609, Location: Prague (present-day Czech Republic))
1611	Matthias's Conquest of Bohemia (Age: 58 years old, Period: 1611, Location: Prague, Bohemia)
1612	Death of Rudolf von Habsburg (Age: 59 years old, Period: January 20, 1612) Death as Holy Roman Emperor (Rudolf von Habsburg, Age: 59 years old, Period: January 20, 1612, Location: Prague (present-day Czech Republic))
Unknown	Marriage (Rudolf von Habsburg, None, Period: Unmarried throughout life, Location: N/A)

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Element

Europe World

Group	List
Holy Roman Emperor	Maximilian von Habsburg Karl von Habsburg Ferdinand von Habsburg Rudolf von Habsburg Maria von Habsburg Maria von Spanien
German Reformation	Martin Luther Philip Melanchthon Andreas Karlstadt Thomas Müntzer Martin Bucer Johannes Oecolampadius Georg Spalatin
German Renaissance Art	Albrecht Dürer Hans Holbein Lucas Maler Lucas Sunder Albrecht Altdorfer Matthias Grünewald
Polish Science	Nicolaus Copernicus Marcin Bylica Jan Łaski Jan Kanty Broziński

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Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor

Rudolf von Habsburg

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