A leading architect and architectural theorist of the French Renaissance. Born into a family of master masons and building contractors in Lyon, he studied ancient Roman architecture in Rome from 1533 to 1536. Upon returning to France, he created buildings for the French royal court and influential nobles, becoming the chief administrator of royal architecture during the reign of Henry II. Temporarily falling from grace after the death of Henry II, he resumed his role as royal architect under Charles IX and Catherine de' Medici. He was involved in the design and construction of the Chateau d'Anet, the Chateau de Saint-Maur, and the Tuileries Palace, adapting classical architecture to French traditions, climate, and construction techniques. Furthermore, he argued that an architect requires both academic knowledge in fields such as classical studies, geometry, and astronomy as well as practical construction skills, leaving significant achievements as an architectural theorist.

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