Georg Marcgrave's Natural History Study

Georg Marcgrave

A naturalist, astronomer, mathematician, botanist, zoologist, cartographer, and explorer from the Electorate of Saxony in the Holy Roman Empire. Active in Dutch Brazil, he systematically observed and recorded plants, animals, geography, meteorology, astronomy, and more. Together with Willem Piso, he investigated the natural history of Brazil, and their findings were compiled posthumously in the 1648 publication "Historia Naturalis Brasiliae." The work is one of the earliest major scientific descriptions of Brazil's natural history, and Marcgrave contributed significantly to 17th-century South American studies and the development of natural history and cartography.

Timeline

Category
Element

Year	Georg Marcgrave
1568	Eighty Years' War (Age: 42 years before birth, Period: 1578–1581, Location: Various parts of the Low Countries, Spanish Netherlands, Dutch Republic, etc.)
1602	Dutch–Portuguese War (Age: 8 years before birth, Period: 1601–1663, Location: Indian Ocean, Southeast Asia, India, Africa, etc.)
1610	Birth of Georg Marcgrave (Period: September 20, 1610, Location: Liebstadt (Germany))
1618	Thirty Years' War (Age: 7 years old, Period: 1618–1648, Location: Central Europe centered on regions of the Holy Roman Empire, Low Countries, etc.)
1627	Itinerant study across various German universities (Georg Marcgrave, Age: 16 years old, Period: c. 1627–1636, Location: Wittenberg, Strasbourg, Basel, Ingolstadt, Altdorf, Erfurt, Leipzig, Greifswald, Rostock, Stettin, etc.)
1630	Occupation and rule of northeastern Brazil by the Dutch (Age: 19 years old, Period: 1630–1654, Location: Northeastern Brazil, especially Pernambuco region)
1636	Research in astronomy and natural sciences at Leiden University (Georg Marcgrave, Age: 25 years old, Period: 1636–1638, Location: Leiden (present-day Netherlands))
1637	Scientific research project by Johan Maurits (Age: 26 years old, Period: 1637–1644, Location: Dutch Brazil, especially around Recife) Dispatch to Dutch Brazil (Georg Marcgrave, Age: 26 years old, Period: 1637–1638, Location: From the Netherlands to northeastern Brazil)
1638	Construction of the Recife Observatory and astronomical observations (Age: 27 years old, Period: c. 1638–1643, Location: Recife (present-day Brazil)) Natural history investigation of northeastern Brazil (Age: 27 years old, Period: 1638–1643, Location: Northeastern Brazil including Pernambuco, Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte, Ceará, Alagoas, etc.) Natural history research leading to "Historia Naturalis Brasiliae" (Age: 27 years old, Period: 1638–1643, Location: Northeastern Brazil)
1640	Mapping of northeastern Brazil (Age: 29 years old, Period: c. 1640–1642, Location: Northeastern Brazil)
1643	Relocation from Brazil to Africa (Age: 32 years old, Period: 1643, Location: From Brazil to the West African coast, ultimately Luanda (present-day Angola))
1644	Death of Georg Marcgrave (Age: 33 years old, Period: Around August 1644)
1648	Publication of "Historia Naturalis Brasiliae" (Age: 3 years after death, Period: 1648, Location: Leiden and Amsterdam (present-day Netherlands))

Map

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Element

Europe World

Group	List
Roman Empire	Rudolf II Matthias Ferdinand II Ferdinand Ernst Leopold I Charles VI Maria Theresa
Habsburg Family	Leopold Felician Prince Eugene Kara Mustafa Pasha Jan Sobieski Charles V
Science and Astronomy	Tycho Brahe Jan Baptist van Helmont Georg Marcgrave Georg Ernst Stahl Lorenz Heister Albrecht von Haller Philip Clüver Maria Sibylla Merian Johann Georg Gmelin
Music & Art	Peter Paul Rubens Heinrich Schütz Dieterich Buxtehude Johann Pachelbel Georg Philipp Telemann Johann Sebastian Bach Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt Johann Balthasar Neumann

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Georg Marcgrave's Natural History Study

Georg Marcgrave

Timeline

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