Job Charnock: Founder of Calcutta's Trading Hub

Job Charnock

A merchant and administrator of the English East India Company. A major figure of the East India Company in Bengal during the late 17th century, he managed factories in Patna, Kasimbazar, and Hooghly. Amid conflicts with the Mughal Empire, he moved the East India Company's base to Sutanuti and returned there in 1690 to establish a headquarters in Bengal, linking him to the subsequent development of Calcutta (modern Kolkata). However, the view of Charnock as the sole "founder" of Calcutta is disputed today.

Timeline

Category
Element

Year	Job Charnock
1630	Birth of Job Charnock (Period: c. 1630 (exact date unknown), Location: London, England)
1658	Joining the East India Company (Job Charnock, Age: 28 years old, Period: January 1658, Location: Bengal, around Hooghly and Kasimbazar)
1659	Assignment to Patna Factory (Job Charnock, Age: 29 years old, Period: February 2, 1659, Location: Patna (Present-day Patna, Bihar, India))
1666	Promotion to Senior Merchant (Job Charnock, Age: 36 years old, Period: 1666, Location: Bengal)
1676	Promotion to Key Leader in Bengal East India Company Organization (Job Charnock, Age: 46 years old, Period: 1676, Location: Bengal)
1678	Cohabitation with Hindu Woman Maria (Job Charnock, Age: 48 years old, Period: Around 1678, Location: Bihar region, Ganges River Basin) Marriage (Job Charnock, Maria, Age: 48 years old, Period: Around 1678 or earlier, Location: Presumed to be Bihar region, Ganges River Basin)
1679	Appointment as Chief of Kasimbazar Factory (Job Charnock, Age: 49 years old, Period: January 3, 1679, Location: Kasimbazar, Bengal)
1686	Siege of Kasimbazar Factory (Age: 56 years old, Period: 1686, Location: Kasimbazar (Around present-day Murshidabad, West Bengal, India)) Relocation to Hooghly (Job Charnock, Age: 56 years old, Period: April 1686, Location: Hooghly, Bengal) Retreat from Hooghly to Sutanuti (Job Charnock, Age: 56 years old, Period: December 20, 1686, Location: Hooghly to Sutanuti (Present-day northern Kolkata)) Initial Settlement at Sutanuti (Age: 56 years old, Period: December 20, 1686, Location: Sutanuti (Present-day northern Kolkata))
1687	Siege of Hijli (Age: 57 years old, Period: March–June 1687, Location: Hijli (Present-day coastal region of West Bengal)) Relocation Back to Sutanuti (Job Charnock, Age: 57 years old, Period: November 1687, Location: Hijli, Sutanuti, Bengal)
1689	Plan for Re-entry into Bengal from Madras (Age: 59 years old, Period: 1689–1690, Location: Madras (Present-day Chennai)) Retreat from Bengal to Madras (Job Charnock, Age: 59 years old, Period: March 7, 1689, Location: Bengal to Madras (Present-day Chennai))
1690	Permission for Trade Resumption in Bengal by Aurangzeb (Age: 60 years old, Period: March 1690–February 10, 1691, Location: Delhi, Bengal) Return to Calcutta and Establishment of East India Company Headquarters (Age: 60 years old, Period: August 24, 1690, Location: Sutanuti (Later Calcutta, present-day Kolkata))
1692	Independence of Bengal Agency from Madras (Age: 62 years old, Period: January 22, 1692, Location: Calcutta, Bengal)
1693	Death of Job Charnock (Age: 63 years old, Period: January 10, 1692 (some sources state January 10, 1693))

Map

Category
Element

Europe World

Group	List
East India Company	James Lancaster John Davis William Keeling Henry Middleton Thomas Best Thomas Roe Josiah Child Gerald Aungier Job Charnock
Expansion into North America	John Smith John Winthrop William Bradford William Penn James Oglethorpe Cecil Calvert John Cabot
Science and Astronomy	Galileo Galilei Johannes Kepler Francis Bacon René Descartes William Harvey Robert Boyle Robert Hooke Christiaan Huygens Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Isaac Newton Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Arts and Culture	Peter Paul Rubens Rembrandt van Rijn Diego Velázquez Johannes Vermeer Anthony van Dyck Giovanni Battista Lulli Antoine Watteau

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Job Charnock: Founder of Calcutta's Trading Hub

Job Charnock

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