Developing Calculus and Binary Logic

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

A philosopher, mathematician, logician, natural philosopher, jurist, diplomat, and historian from the Electorate of Saxony in the Holy Roman Empire. One of the representative philosophers of modern rationalism, he independently developed calculus and established the notation system for differentiation and integration still used today. He also conducted research across a wide range of fields including binary notation, mechanical calculators, formal logic, mechanics, metaphysics, monadology, and the principle of sufficient reason. He promoted the establishment of academies of science across Europe and served as the first president of the Berlin Academy of Sciences founded in 1700. Politically and diplomatically, he served the House of Brunswick-Lüneburg, contributing to the historiography and foreign policy of Hanover.

Timeline

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Element

Year	Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
1618	Thirty Years' War (Age: 28 years before birth, Period: 1618–1648, Location: Central Europe centered on regions of the Holy Roman Empire, Low Countries, etc.)
1646	Birth of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (Period: July 1, 1646 (June 21 in the Julian calendar), Location: Leipzig, Germany)
1661	Studies at the University of Leipzig (Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Age: 14 years old, Period: 1661–1666, Location: Leipzig, Jena, Germany)
1666	Obtaining Doctorate in Law from the University of Altdorf (Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Age: 19 years old, Period: 1666, Location: Altdorf, Holy Roman Empire)
1668	Activities as Counselor and Jurist to the Elector of Mainz (Age: 21 years old, Period: 1668–1672, Location: Mainz, Holy Roman Empire)
1670	Development of the "Stepped Reckoner" Calculator and Demonstration at the Royal Society (Age: 23 years old, Period: 1670–1673, Location: Paris, London)
1671	Leibniz's Proposal for a French Expedition to Egypt (Age: 24 years old, Period: 1671–1672, Location: Mainz, Paris, France)
1672	Stay in Paris and Interaction with Christiaan Huygens (Age: 25 years old, Period: 1672–1676, Location: Paris, France)
1675	Discovery and Systematization of Calculus (Age: 28 years old, Period: c. 1675–1684, Location: Paris, Hanover)
1676	Meeting between Leibniz and Spinoza (Age: 29 years old, Period: 1676, Location: The Hague, Dutch Republic) Beginning of Service to the House of Hanover (Age: 29 years old, Period: 1676, Location: Hanover, Germany)
1680	Research on Mining Technology in the Harz Mountains (Age: 33 years old, Period: 1680s, Location: Harz Mountains, Germany)
1686	Composition of Discourse on Metaphysics (Age: 39 years old, Period: 1686, Location: Hanover, Germany)
1687	Historical Research on the House of Brunswick (Age: 40 years old, Period: 1687–1711, Location: Germany, Austria, Italy, etc.)
1691	Appointment as Librarian of the Wolfenbüttel Library (Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Age: 44 years old, Period: 1691–, Location: Wolfenbüttel, Germany)
1700	Founding of the Berlin Academy of Sciences (Age: 53 years old, Period: 1700, Location: Berlin, Prussia)
1701	War of the Spanish Succession (Age: 54 years old, Period: 1701–1714, Location: Western Europe, Italy, Spain, Netherlands, etc.)
1708	Calculus Priority Controversy between Newton and Leibniz (Age: 61 years old, Period: c. 1708–1716, Location: Various parts of Europe including London, Hanover, etc.)
1710	Publication of Théodicée (Age: 63 years old, Period: 1710, Location: Amsterdam, Netherlands)
1712	Stay in Vienna and Appointment as Imperial Counselor (Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Age: 65 years old, Period: 1712–1714, Location: Vienna, Austria)
1714	Succession of George I to the British Throne (Age: 67 years old, Period: 1714, Location: Hanover, London, Great Britain) Composition of Monadology (Age: 67 years old, Period: 1714, Location: Vienna, Austria)
1716	Final Meeting with Peter the Great (Age: 69 years old, Period: 1716, Location: Bad Pyrmont, Germany) Death of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (Age: 70 years old, Period: November 14, 1716, Hanover, Germany)
Unknown	Marriage (Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, None, Period: Never married, Location: N/A)

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Europe World

Group	List
East India Company	James Lancaster John Davis William Keeling Henry Middleton Thomas Best Thomas Roe Josiah Child Gerald Aungier Job Charnock
Expansion into North America	John Smith John Winthrop William Bradford William Penn James Oglethorpe Cecil Calvert John Cabot
Science and Astronomy	Galileo Galilei Johannes Kepler Francis Bacon René Descartes William Harvey Robert Boyle Robert Hooke Christiaan Huygens Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Isaac Newton Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Arts and Culture	Peter Paul Rubens Rembrandt van Rijn Diego Velázquez Johannes Vermeer Anthony van Dyck Giovanni Battista Lulli Antoine Watteau

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Developing Calculus and Binary Logic

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

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