A Dutch merchant, local official, and microscopist. Using single-lens microscopes that he ground himself, he detailed observations of microscopic organisms and tissues, recording bacteria, protozoa, spermatozoa, red blood cells, and capillaries. Particularly from the 1670s onward, he observed microorganisms as "animalcules" and contributed greatly to the establishment of microbiology, earning him the common title "Father of Microbiology." From 1673, he sent his observations via letters to the Royal Society of London, and in 1680 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.

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