A mathematician, physicist, astronomer, engineer, and inventor from the Dutch Republic. A representative figure of the Scientific Revolution, he made major achievements in the wave theory of light, mechanics, probability theory, astronomy, optics, and horology. In 1655, he discovered Titan, the largest moon of Saturn, and elucidated the true nature of Saturn's rings, and in 1657 he invented the pendulum clock. In his 1673 work Horologium Oscillatorium, he mathematically analyzed pendulum motion, presented the wave theory of light in 1678, and systematized it in Treatise on Light in 1690. As a Fellow of the Royal Society and a central scientist of the French Academy of Sciences, he connected scientific research in 17th-century Europe internationally.

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