Jean-Paul Sartre

French philosopher, novelist, playwright, and political activist. One of the representative existentialist thinkers of the 20th century, he developed the idea that humans do not follow a predetermined essence, but rather shape themselves through their own choices and actions. His major works include Nausea, Being and Nothingness, Existentialism Is a Humanism, and Dirty Hands. He built a lifelong intellectual and personal partnership with writer and philosopher Simone de Beauvoir. Having experienced being taken prisoner by the German army during World War II, he actively made political statements opposing colonialism and oppression after the war. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1964, but declined it on the grounds that a writer should avoid being co-opted by institutions or authorities.

Timeline

Category
Element

Year	Jean-Paul Sartre
1905	Birth of Jean-Paul Sartre (Period: June 21, 1905, Location: Paris, France)
1906	Death of father and upbringing by maternal grandparents (Period: 1906 onwards, Location: Various locations in Paris, France)
1924	Studies at the École Normale Supérieure and meeting with Simone de Beauvoir (Age: 18 years old, Period: 1924–1929, Location: Paris, France)
1929	Work as a philosophy teacher (Age: 23 years old, Period: 1929–1939, Location: Various locations in France)
1938	Publication of the novel Nausea (Age: 32 years old, Period: 1938, Location: Paris, France (publishing))
1939	World War II (Age: 33 years old, Period: 1939–1945, Location: Britain, North Africa, Mediterranean region, etc.)
1940	Internment of prisoners of war by the German military (Age: 34 years old, Period: 1940–1941, Location: Padou and Nancy in eastern France, Trier in Germany, etc.) Political activity and rapprochement with Marxism (Age: 34 years old, Period: Late 1940s–1950s, Location: Europe centered on France)
1943	Publication of the philosophical treatise Being and Nothingness (Age: 37 years old, Period: 1943, Location: Paris, France (publishing))
1944	Performance of the play No Exit (Age: 38 years old, Period: 1944, Location: Paris, France)
1945	Founding of the magazine Les Temps Modernes (Age: 39 years old, Period: 1945, Location: Paris, France) Lectures and writings on existentialism (Age: 39 years old, Period: 1945–1946, Location: Paris, France)
1949	Ideological involvement with the book The Second Sex (Age: 43 years old, Period: 1949, Location: Paris, France (publishing))
1950	Protest against French colonialism and torture (Age: 44 years old, Period: 1950s–1960s, Location: France, Algeria)
1954	Algerian War (Age: 48 years old, Period: 1954–1962, Location: French Algeria, mainland France)
1964	Publication of Words (Age: 58 years old, Period: 1964, Location: Paris, France (publishing)) Marriage (Jean-Paul Sartre, Arlette Elkaïm-Sartre, Age: 58 years old, Period: Adopted in 1964, Location: None (adopted child, not marriage)) Refusal of the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature (Age: 59 years old, Period: October 1964, Location: Stockholm, Sweden (award-granting institution), Paris, France (Sartre's base of operations)) Decision to award and subsequent refusal of the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature (Age: 59 years old, Period: October 1964, Location: Stockholm, Sweden, Paris, France)
1968	May 1968 events (Age: 62 years old, Period: May–June 1968, Location: Various locations centered around Paris, France)
1970	Late-life visual impairment and political statements (Age: 64 years old, Period: 1970s–1980, Location: Various locations centered around Paris, France)
1980	Marriage (Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Age: 74 years old, Period: Lifelong partnership lasting from 1929 to 1980, Location: None (not legally married)) Death of Jean-Paul Sartre (Age: 74 years old, Period: April 15, 1980) Death and burial in Montparnasse Cemetery (Age: 74 years old, Period: From April 15, 1980 onwards, Location: Paris, France)

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Element

Europe World

Group	List
NATO	Winston Churchill Charles de Gaulle Harold Macmillan Ernest Bevin Konrad Adenauer Paul-Henri Spaak Pierre Mendès France Margaret Thatcher Helmut Schmidt
British Conservative Party	Anthony Eden Winston Churchill Harold Macmillan Alec Douglas-Home Edward Heath Margaret Thatcher John Major
British Labour Party	Clement Attlee Harold Wilson James Callaghan Michael Foot Neil Kinnock
Culture and Thought	Francis Bacon Jean-Paul Sartre Simone de Beauvoir Albert Camus Hannah Arendt George Orwell Arthur Koestler Umberto Eco Italo Calvino Jean-Philippe Arthur Dubuffet
Science and Technology	John Cockcroft Francis Crick James Watson Dennis Gabor Dorothy Hodgkin Tim Berners-Lee Paul Flory

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Jean-Paul Sartre

Jean-Paul Sartre

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