German-born American political thinker, philosopher, and writer. She considered totalitarianism, power, freedom, political action, and the problems of refugees and stateless persons, and is considered one of the representative political thinkers of the 20th century. Facing persecution under the Nazi regime, she left Germany and went into exile in the United States via France. Her major works include The Origins of Totalitarianism (1951), The Human Condition (1958), On Revolution (1963), and Eichmann in Jerusalem (1963). Through the concept of the "banality of evil," she sparked a major debate regarding Nazi crimes and individual responsibility.

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