Dorothy Hodgkin's Crystallography

Dorothy Hodgkin

British chemist and crystallographer. She advanced the technique of X-ray crystallography and elucidated the three-dimensional structures of important biomolecules such as penicillin, vitamin B12, and insulin. She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1964 and is known as a pioneer among female scientists. She also actively engaged in international scientific cooperation, nuclear disarmament, and peace movements.

Timeline

Category
Element

Year	Dorothy Hodgkin
1910	Birth of Dorothy Hodgkin (Period: May 12, 1910, Location: Cairo, Egypt)
1914	World War I (Age: 3 years old, Period: 1914–1918, Location: French Western Front)
1920	Interest in chemistry and crystals from childhood (Age: 9 years old, Period: 1920s, Location: Regions where parents stayed, such as the United Kingdom and Egypt)
1928	Studying chemistry at the University of Oxford (Age: 17 years old, Period: 1928–1932, Location: Somerville College, University of Oxford, United Kingdom)
1930	Elucidation of the structure of insulin (Age: 19 years old, Period: 1930s–1969, with improvement research continuing thereafter, Location: University of Oxford, United Kingdom)
1932	Studying crystallography in J.D. Bernal's laboratory (Age: 21 years old, Period: 1932–1934, Location: University of Cambridge, United Kingdom)
1934	Start of research activities at the University of Oxford (Age: 23 years old, Period: 1934, Location: University of Oxford, United Kingdom)
1937	Marriage (Dorothy Hodgkin, Thomas Lionel Hodgkin, Age: 26 years old, Period: 1937, Location: United Kingdom. Exact wedding venue cannot be confirmed.)
1939	World War II (Age: 28 years old, Period: 1939–1945, Location: Britain, North Africa, Mediterranean region, etc.)
1940	Penicillin research during World War II (Age: 29 years old, Period: Early 1940s–1946, Location: University of Oxford, United Kingdom) Elucidation of the structure of penicillin (Age: 29 years old, Period: 1940s–1946, Location: University of Oxford, United Kingdom) Elucidation of the structure of vitamin B12 (Age: 29 years old, Period: Late 1940s–1956, Location: University of Oxford, United Kingdom)
1947	Cold War (Age: 36 years old, Period: c. 1947–1991, Location: Europe, North America, Cuba, etc.) Election as a Fellow of the Royal Society (Christiaan Huygens, Age: 36 years old, Period: 1947, Location: London, United Kingdom)
1950	Movement surrounding nuclear weapons and the social responsibility of scientists (Age: 39 years old, Period: 1950s–1980s, Location: United Kingdom, Europe, and venues of international scientific conferences) Restrictions on entry into the United States under the Cold War (Age: 39 years old, Period: 1950s onwards, Location: United States and United Kingdom)
1964	Award of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Age: 53 years old, Period: 1964, Location: Stockholm, Sweden)
1976	Assumption of the presidency of the Pugwash Conferences (Age: 65 years old, Period: 1976–1988, Location: International scientific conferences. Activities are not limited to a single specific city.)
1987	Award of the Lenin Peace Prize (Age: 76 years old, Period: 1987, Location: Soviet Union)
1994	Death of Dorothy Hodgkin (Age: 84 years old, Period: July 29, 1994 (84 years old))

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NATO	Winston Churchill Charles de Gaulle Harold Macmillan Ernest Bevin Konrad Adenauer Paul-Henri Spaak Pierre Mendès France Margaret Thatcher Helmut Schmidt
British Conservative Party	Anthony Eden Winston Churchill Harold Macmillan Alec Douglas-Home Edward Heath Margaret Thatcher John Major
British Labour Party	Clement Attlee Harold Wilson James Callaghan Michael Foot Neil Kinnock
Culture and Thought	Francis Bacon Jean-Paul Sartre Simone de Beauvoir Albert Camus Hannah Arendt George Orwell Arthur Koestler Umberto Eco Italo Calvino Jean-Philippe Arthur Dubuffet
Science and Technology	John Cockcroft Francis Crick James Watson Dennis Gabor Dorothy Hodgkin Tim Berners-Lee Paul Flory

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Dorothy Hodgkin's Crystallography

Dorothy Hodgkin

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