American molecular biologist and geneticist. Alongside Francis Crick, he announced the double helix model of DNA in 1953, greatly contributing to the development of molecular biology. In 1962, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Crick and Maurice Wilkins. He engaged in research and educational activities at Harvard University, managed the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, and was involved in promoting the Human Genome Project. On the other hand, he faced fierce criticism for scientifically unfounded claims and discriminatory remarks regarding race and intelligence, leading to the loss of his positions and honorary titles at research institutions.

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