A British-born thinker, writer, and revolutionary who provided intellectual backing to the American Revolution. Through his pamphlet Common Sense published in 1776, he strongly advocated for colonial independence, greatly expanding public support for it. Furthermore, in The American Crisis, he inspired Patriot soldiers and citizens during the Revolutionary War. He later supported the French Revolution as well, writing works such as Rights of Man and The Age of Reason to promote republicanism, human rights, and rationalism.

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