Ukrainian-born Levi Eshkol served as Israel's third Prime Minister, playing a pivotal role in Cold War state-building and national defense. After consolidating the country's economic and water infrastructure as Finance Minister, he assumed leadership in 1963. During the 1967 Six-Day War, he oversaw diplomatic negotiations and military strategy alongside Defense Minister Moshe Dayan, securing a decisive victory that expanded Israeli territory. Eshkol also strengthened security ties with the United States, obtaining vital military aid that fortified Israel's defense before his death in office in 1969.

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