Fleeing Foreign Invasion Amidst the Devastation of Internal Uprisings

Fleeing Foreign Invasion Amidst the Devastation of Internal Uprisings

Xianfeng Emperor

The 9th emperor of the Qing dynasty, corresponding to the 7th Qing emperor to rule over China proper. Born as the 4th prince of the Daoguang Emperor, he ascended the throne in 1850. During his reign, large-scale internal rebellions such as the Taiping Rebellion and the Nian Rebellion spread, and he further faced the Second Opium War with Britain and France. In 1860, Anglo-French allied forces invaded Beijing and destroyed the Old Summer Palace, forcing the Xianfeng Emperor to flee to Rehe. He died in 1861 at the age of 30, and his young prince ascended the throne as the Tongzhi Emperor. After his death, Empress Dowager Cixi and others came to hold actual political power.

Timeline

Category
Element
Year Xianfeng Emperor
1831
Birth of Xianfeng Emperor (Period: July 17, 1831, Location: Old Summer Palace, Beijing, China)
1847
Marriage (Xianfeng Emperor, Empress Xiaodexian, Age: 15 years old, Period: 1847, Location: Qing Imperial Court, China)
1850
Taiping Rebellion (Age: 18 years old, Period: 1850–1864, Location: Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Anhui Provinces, etc.)
Enthronement of the Xianfeng Emperor (Age: 18 years old, Period: March 9, 1850, Location: Beijing, Qing Imperial Court, China)
1851
Nian Rebellion (Age: 19 years old, Period: 1851–1868, Location: Anhui, Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu Provinces, etc.)
Establishment of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and Capture of Nanking (Age: 19 years old, Period: 1851–1853, Location: Southern and Central China, from Guangxi Province to Nanjing)
Marriage (Xianfeng Emperor, Empress Xiaoqinxian, Age: 19 years old, Period: Entered Inner Palace c. 1851, Location: Qing Imperial Court, China)
1852
Marriage (Xianfeng Emperor, Empress Xiaozhenxian, Age: 20 years old, Period: 1852, Location: Qing Imperial Court, China)
1854
Miao Rebellion (Age: 22 years old, Period: 1854–1873, Location: Southwestern China, Centered around Guizhou Province)
1856
Second Opium War (Age: 24 years old, Period: 1856–1860, Location: Guangzhou, Tianjin, Dagu, Beijing, etc.)
Panthay Rebellion (Age: 24 years old, Period: 1856–1873, Location: Yunnan Province, Southwestern China)
1858
Diplomatic Negotiations over the Treaty of Tientsin (Age: 26 years old, Period: 1858–1860, Location: Tianjin, Beijing, China, etc.)
Signing of the Treaty of Aigun (Age: 26 years old, Period: May 1858, Location: Aigun along Amur River, Northeastern China (Around present-day Blagoveshchensk, Russia))
Conclusion of the Treaty of Tianjin (Age: 26 years old, Period: 1858, Location: Tianjin, China)
1860
Fleeing of the Xianfeng Emperor to Rehe (Age: 29 years old, Period: September 1860–August 1861, Location: Rehe, China (Present-day Chengde, Hebei Province))
Destruction of the Old Summer Palace (Yuanmingyuan, Age: 29 years old, Period: October 1860, Location: Old Summer Palace (Yuanmingyuan), Northwest Beijing, China)
Signing of the Convention of Peking (Age: 29 years old, Period: October 1860, Location: Beijing, China)
1861
Enthronement of the Tongzhi Emperor and Inauguration of the Regency (Age: 30 years old, Period: August–November 1861, Location: Rehe and Beijing, China)
Death of Xianfeng Emperor (Age: 30 years old, Period: August 22, 1861)
Xinwei Coup (Age: 30 years old, Period: November 1861, Location: Beijing, China)
Unknown
Marriage (Xianfeng Emperor, Noble Consort Mei, Period: Exact Marriage Date Unknown; Became Consort of the Xianfeng Emperor, Location: Qing Imperial Court, China)
Marriage (Xianfeng Emperor, Noble Consort Wan, Period: Exact Marriage Date Unknown; Became Consort of the Xianfeng Emperor, Location: Qing Imperial Court, China)

Map

Category
Element
Asia World
asia map

Related Links

Group List
The Qing Dynasty Court Qianlong Emperor Jiaqing Emperor Daoguang Emperor Xianfeng Emperor Tongzhi Emperor Guangxu Emperor Xuantong Emperor Puyi Empress Dowager Cixi Prince Gong Prince Chun Zaifeng
First Sino-Japanese War Yamagata Aritomo Oyama Iwao Togo Heihachiro Nogi Maresuke Kodama Gentaro Ito Sukeyuki Kabayama Sukenori Komura Jutaro Katsura Taro Terauchi Masatake Emperor Meiji
East Asian expansion William Amherst George Macartney Charles Elliot Henry Pottinger Matthew Perry Townsend Harris James Bruce Charles Gordon Robert Hart William Howard Russell

Other Languages

Emperador Xianfeng (Español) Empereur Xianfeng (Français) Kaiser Xianfeng (Deutsch) 咸豐帝 (中文) 咸豊帝 (日本語)

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