The 7th emperor of the Qing dynasty, who reigned from 1820 to 1850. Born as the second son of the Jiaqing Emperor, he attempted to restore finances and administration after his accession, but faced domestic social unrest and the expansion of Western powers. During his reign, the opium problem escalated, and following the anti-opium campaign led by Lin Zexu, the First Opium War broke out in 1840. The Qing dynasty was defeated and accepted the cession of Hong Kong Island and changes to the trade system through the Treaty of Nanking. In his later years, social tensions grew that would lead to the Taiping Rebellion, making him an emperor of an era in which the weakening of the Qing dynasty progressed.

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