The 10th emperor of the Qing dynasty, reigning from 1861 to 1875. Born as the son of the Xianfeng Emperor, he ascended the throne at just 5 years old after his father's death. From his childhood, governance was conducted under the regency of his mother, Empress Dowager Cixi, and Empress Dowager Ci'an, and he began his personal rule in 1873. During his reign, post-Taiping Rebellion reconstruction, the Self-Strengthening Movement, and responses to various rebellions were promoted. Although these reforms are called the "Tongzhi Restoration," they did not reach the point of fundamentally resolving the Qing dynasty's institutional and military issues. He died in 1875 at the age of 18. Officially, smallpox was cited as the cause of death, and because he left no male successor, his cousin Zaitian ascended the throne as the Guangxu Emperor.

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