Colonial Wars & Territorial Expansion
Wars with Indigenous Peoples and Territorial Expansion
During the colonial era, European powers and American settlers expanded into Native territories, sparking fierce conflicts. Settlers used military force, treaties, and forced displacement to claim vast tracts of land. These clashes reshaped borders, devastated Indigenous societies, and established systemic Anglo-American dominance over North America.
People
Birth
Death
Origin
Age (Death)
| 1745 | |
|---|---|
| 1750 | |
| 1764 | |
| 1767 | |
| 1768 | |
| 1773 | |
| 1778 | |
| 1780 | |
| 1804 |
Timeline
| Category | |
|---|---|
| Element |
| Year | Wars with Indigenous Peoples and Territorial Expansion |
|---|---|
| 1745 |
Birth of John Sevier (Period: September 23, 1745, Location: Augusta County, Colony of Virginia; around present-day New Market, Virginia (currently Rockingham County))
|
| 1750 |
Birth of Isaac Shelby (Period: December 11, 1750, Location: Frederick County, Province of Maryland; around present-day Hagerstown, Maryland (currently Washington County))
|
| 1761 |
Marriage of John Sevier and Sarah Hawkins
|
| 1764 |
Birth of Pushmataha (Period: c. 1764 (exact date unknown), Location: Along the Noxubee River in Choctaw territory, around present-day Macon, Mississippi (multiple theories exist regarding birth place))
|
| 1767 |
Birth of Andrew Jackson (Period: March 15, 1767, Location: Around Lancaster County (present-day South Carolina). However, the exact birth place is not conclusively determined, and it could also be on the North Carolina side)
|
| 1768 |
Birth of Tecumseh (Period: March 9, 1768, Location: Shawnee territory in the Ohio Country, around present-day Chillicothe, Ohio (birth place theories vary by source, including near Piqua along the Scioto River))
|
| 1773 |
Birth of William Henry Harrison (Period: February 9, 1773, Location: Around Charles City (present-day Charles City County, Virginia))
|
| 1774 |
Lord Dunmore's War
Participation in the Battle of Point Pleasant
|
| 1775 |
Participation in the Watauga Association
|
| 1776 |
Cherokee–American War
Attack on Fort Watauga
|
| 1778 |
Birth of Sequoyah (Period: c. 1770 (some sources state c. 1778, exact date unknown), Location: Tuskegee (Taskigi), around present-day Vonore, Tennessee (Monroe County / Tellico Lake region))
|
| 1779 |
Isaac Shelby's Swearing-in as Member of the Virginia House of Delegates
|
| 1780 |
Birth of William Weatherford (Period: c. 1780–1781 (exact date of birth unknown), Location: Around the Creek village of Coosada, near present-day Coosada, Alabama (differing accounts exist regarding birth place))
Choctaw–Creek War
Rising to Prominence in Battles Against the Osage and Caddo
Marriage of John Sevier and Catherine "Bonny Kate" Sherrill
Battle of Musgrove Mill
Shelby and Sevier's Southern Campaign
Battle of Kings Mountain
|
| 1781 |
Capture in the Waxhaws Region
|
| 1783 |
Isaac Shelby's Migration to Kentucky
Marriage of Isaac Shelby and Susanna Hart
|
| 1784 |
Study of Law in North Carolina
Establishment of the State of Franklin and Inauguration of John Sevier as Governor
Kentucky Statehood Movement
|
| 1785 |
Northwest Indian War
Treaty of Dumplin Creek
|
| 1788 |
Legal Career in Tennessee involving Andrew Jackson
Cherokee War / Battle of Flint Creek
Battle of Franklin
Arrest and Indictment of John Sevier for Treason
|
| 1790 |
Political Rivalry with Andrew Jackson
Marriage of Tecumseh and Mamate
|
| 1791 |
Enlistment in the Army (William Henry Harrison)
|
| 1792 |
Inauguration of Isaac Shelby as First Governor of Kentucky
|
| 1793 |
Appointment as Aide-de-Camp to Anthony Wayne (William Henry Harrison)
Citizen Genêt Affair
|
| 1794 |
Marriage of Andrew Jackson and Rachel Donelson Jackson
Marriage of Andrew Jackson and Rachel Donelson Robards
Fallen Timbers
Battle of Fallen Timbers
|
| 1795 |
Treaty of Greenville
Opposition to the Treaty of Greenville
Marriage (William Henry Harrison and Anna)
Marriage (William Henry Harrison and Anna Tuthill Symmes)
|
| 1796 |
Establishment of Tennessee and Inauguration of John Sevier as First Governor
|
| 1798 |
Appointment of Andrew Jackson as Judge of the Tennessee Supreme Court
Appointment as Secretary of the Northwest Territory (William Henry Harrison)
|
| 1799 |
Assumption of Office as Delegate to the Northwest Territory Legislature (William Henry Harrison)
|
| 1800 |
Pushmataha's Accession as Chief of the Six Towns District
Marriage of Pushmataha and Imachoka
|
| 1801 |
Appointment as Governor of the Indiana Territory (William Henry Harrison)
Marriage of William Weatherford and Mary Moniac
|
| 1802 |
Diplomacy at Fort Confederation
|
| 1803 |
Promotion of Native American Land Treaties
Attempted Duel Between John Sevier and Andrew Jackson
|
| 1804 |
Birth of Osceola (Period: c. 1804 (exact date unknown), Location: The Upper Creek village of Talisi, present-day Tallassee, Alabama)
Acquisition of The Hermitage by Andrew Jackson
Marriage of William Weatherford and Sop浏览ina Cany Telo-toco Moniac
|
| 1805 |
Treaty of Mount Dexter
|
| 1806 |
Involvement in the Aaron Burr Conspiracy
Duel between Andrew Jackson and Charles Dickinson
|
| 1807 |
Marriage of Tecumseh and White Wing
|
| 1808 |
Enlistment in the U.S. Army
Construction of Prophetstown
Construction of Prophetstown and Formation of the Native American Confederacy
|
| 1809 |
Opposition to the Treaty of Fort Wayne
Beginning of Research on the Cherokee Writing System
Treaty of Fort Wayne
Conclusion of the Treaty of Fort Wayne
|
| 1810 |
Tecumseh's War
Meeting Between Harrison and Tecumseh
Vincennes Council
|
| 1811 |
John Sevier's Swearing-in as U.S. Representative from Tennessee
Appeal for Alliance to Southern Tribes
Move to Canada After the Destruction of Prophetstown
Tecumseh's Southern Tour and Participation in the Red Sticks Movement
Tecumseh's Appeal for Alliance to the Choctaw
Battle of Tippecanoe
|
| 1812 |
Appointment as Commander of the Army of the Northwest (William Henry Harrison)
Appointment as Commander of the Army of the Northwest in the War of 1812 (William Henry Harrison)
Alliance with Great Britain
Capture of Fort Detroit
Inauguration of Isaac Shelby as Fifth Governor of Kentucky
|
| 1813 |
Cooperation with the U.S. Military and Commission as a Military Officer
Participation of Choctaw Troops in the Creek War
Siege of Fort Meigs
Fort Mims Massacre
Attack on Fort Mims
Death of Tecumseh
Battle of the Thames
Defense of Econochaca
Battle of Holy Ground
|
| 1814 |
Operation of a Plantation in Southern Alabama (William Weatherford)
Osceola's Migration to Florida
Battle of Calabee Creek
Involvement in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend
Battle of Horseshoe Bend
Participation in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend
Surrender to Andrew Jackson
Treaty of Fort Jackson
|
| 1815 |
Martial Law Incident in New Orleans
Marriage of Sequoyah and Sally Benge
Battle of New Orleans
Death of John Sevier
|
| 1816 |
U.S. Representative From Ohio (William Henry Harrison)
|
| 1817 |
First Seminole War
Marriage of William Weatherford and Mary Stiggins
Signing of Cession Treaties by the Cherokee
|
| 1818 |
Occupation of Florida and Its Impact on the Adams–Onís Treaty
Negotiation of the Jackson Purchase
|
| 1819 |
Loss of Ancestral Lands and Migration to Willstown (Sequoyah)
|
| 1820 |
Demonstration of the Syllabary by Daughter Ayyoka
Treaty of Doak's Stand
|
| 1821 |
Completion of the Cherokee Syllabary
Appointment of Andrew Jackson as Military Governor of Florida
|
| 1823 |
Treaty of Moultrie Creek
|
| 1824 |
1824 Presidential Election and the "Corrupt Bargain" Controversy involving Andrew Jackson
Diplomatic Mission to Washington, D.C.
Award of Silver Medal by the Cherokee National Council
Death of William Weatherford
Death of Pushmataha
|
| 1825 |
Official Adoption of the Cherokee Syllabary
|
| 1826 |
Printing of the Cherokee Legal Code
Death of Isaac Shelby
|
| 1828 |
Victory in the 1828 Presidential Election by Andrew Jackson
Minister to Colombia
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Colombia
First Issue of the Cherokee Phoenix
|
| 1829 |
Petticoat Affair
Advancement of Indian Removal Policy
Sequoyah's Migration to Oklahoma and Construction of Sequoyah's Cabin
Inauguration of Andrew Jackson as the 7th President of the United States
|
| 1830 |
Enactment of the Indian Removal Act by Andrew Jackson
Emergence as a Seminole Resistance Leader
Involvement in Cherokee Western Migration and Tribal Unification
Enactment of the Indian Removal Act
|
| 1832 |
Bank War
Nullification Crisis
Bank War over the Second Bank of the United States
Treaty of Payne's Landing
|
| 1833 |
Second Inauguration of Andrew Jackson
|
| 1835 |
Second Seminole War
Osceola's Detention at Fort King
Marriage of Osceola and Che-cho-ter
Full Payoff of the National Debt by the Federal Government
Assassination Attempt
Killing of Charley Emathla
Ambush of Wiley Thompson at Fort King
Battle of the Withlacoochee
|
| 1836 |
Continuation of Seminole Resistance
|
| 1837 |
Retirement from the Presidency by Andrew Jackson
Imprisonment at Fort Marion
Capture of Osceola Under a Flag of Truce
Transfer to Fort Moultrie
|
| 1838 |
Participation in the Cherokee Unification Movement
Death of Osceola
|
| 1840 |
1840 Presidential Election Victory (William Henry Harrison)
1840 Presidential Election (William Henry Harrison)
Victory in the 1840 Presidential Election (William Henry Harrison)
1840 United States Presidential Election (William Henry Harrison)
|
| 1841 |
Inauguration as the 9th President of the United States (William Henry Harrison)
Presidential Inaugural Address (William Henry Harrison)
Death of William Henry Harrison
Death in Office
|
| 1842 |
Search for Cherokees Living in Mexico
|
| 1843 |
Death of Sequoyah
|
| 1845 |
Death of Andrew Jackson
|
| Unknown |
Marriage of Tecumseh and an Unnamed Woman (Period: Unknown, Location: Unknown)
Marriage of Pushmataha to an Unnamed Woman (Period: Unknown, Location: Unknown)
Marriage of Osceola to an Unnamed Woman (Period: Unknown, Location: Unknown)
|
Map
| Category | |
|---|---|
| Element |
United States
World
Related Links
| Group | List |
|---|---|
| New England | Independence Movement Leaders The Adams Family Boston, Massachusetts Patriots Merchant/Diplomacy/Maritime Territorial Expansion and Western Development Puritan New England Construction Thinkers and Intellectuals |
| South | The Randolph Family The Harrison Family Wars with Indigenous Peoples and Territorial Expansion Texas annexation |
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